Impact of Jet

C IMPACT OF JET EXPERIMENT 1 Aim To find the impact force caused by a fluid jet on a horizontal plate and a hemispherical shell and compare it with the expected theoretical force. 2 Theory When a rubber ball strikes a solid surface it nicely rebounds from the solid surface. The amount of rebound would depend on the coefficient of restitution. However, when a steady fluid jet strikes a solid surface, it does not rebound. But, a stream of fluid is formed which moves over the surface and the fluid leaves the surface tangentially. If a fluid jet is impacting a horizontal plate, at an angle ? the rate of change of momentum can be equated to the force exerted by the jet on the plate. When a vertical fluid jet strikes a horizontally positioned plate, the value of ? will be 90Â °. A control volume analysis can be performed to give the force F = ? QV, (1) where ? is the density of the water, Q is the jet flow rate and V is the velocity of the jet. For the case of a hemispherical shell when t he stream of water is turned back by 180o, the force experienced by the shell will be F = 2? QV, (2) two times the force experienced by the flat plate. Experimental Set-up The set up consists of a closed cylindrical container housing the horizontal plate/hemispherical shell to receive the impact of the jet. The vertical water jet is produced by a pump forcing water through a nozzle of diameter 6mm for the flat plate and of diameter 8mm for the hemispherical set up. The flow rate through the nozzle is measured by a rotameter. The velocity of jet could be obtained by knowing the flow rate. 4 Experimental Procedure Switch on the motor and using the two gate valves control the flow rate.Place suitable weights to counter balance the impact force of the liquid jet. When the load is higher than the impact load of the jet, the jet will be blocked by the plate. When the load is low the load arm will rise up and touch the top part of the housing. Adjust the flow rate for any selected weight s o that the load arm stays in the middle of the distance from the nozzle tip to the top part of the housing. Ensure that the steady flow rate is maintained and take at least six independent measurements by choosing six different flow rates that would balance the weights.Important steps 1 Allow the float to be steady before you start noting down the readings. 2 Ensure that the fluid jet nicely counter balances the weight it is carrying. Flat plate S. No. Flow Rate Q (m3/s) Velocity V (m/s) Force (Experimental) Fex (N) Force (Theoretical) Fth (N) S. No. Flow Rate Q (m3/s) Hemispherical shell Velocity V (m/s) Force (Experimental) Fex (N) Force (Theoretical) Fth (N) 5 Results and Discussion Plot the following graphs. Fex vs Fth 2. Fex/(1/2 ? V2 A) vs Re=Vd/? , where A is the area of cross section of the jet and Re is the Reynolds number of the jet 1.The graphs for the flat plate and the hemispherical shell should be plotted on the same graph. Based on these plots answer the following que stions 1. Do a control volume formulation to derive (1) and (2). 2. Why is the force independent of the area of the plate/shell? 3. What is the slope of the Fex vs F th plot. What should the ideal value of this slope be? If the slope is different from the ideal value, why is it different. 4. What non dimensional number is the y axis of the second plot? What is the significance of the variation this non dimensional number that you observe from your experiments?

High School and Social Support Essay

The purpose of the study was to determine possible differences in leadership behaviors, using the Revised Leadership for Sport Scale (RLSS), between male and female coaches and among different coaching levels. The researchers submitted two hypotheses. The first hypothesis was that male and female coaches would respond differently to the RLSS in overall leadership behaviors. The second hypothesis was that differences on the RLSS would occur among coaching levels: junior high, high school, and college. The sample was nonrandom, including 162 coaches that were chosen on a volunteer  basis. Within the sample, 118 (0. 73) of the coaches were male, while 44 (0. 27) were female. With regard to coaching level, 25 (0. 15) were junior high coaches, 99 (0. 61) high school, and 38 (0. 24) at the college level. While this is a good sample size, the problem lies with the distribution of the sample. The sample number for junior high coaches, in particular, is rather low. A larger sample with regard to all categories would have aided in the data analysis, particularly when looking for possible interactions between gender and coaching level. The instrument utilized was the Revised Leadership for Sport Scale (RLSS) developed by Zhang, Jensen, and Mann in 1996. This scale is used to measure six leadership behaviors: training and instruction, democratic, autocratic, social support, positive feedback, and situational consideration. The scale uses 60 statements, which were preceded by â€Å"In coaching, I:† A Likert scale was then given for each statement: 1 = never; 2 = seldom; 3 = occasionally; 4 = often; and 5 = always. This produced an ordinal level data set. Scales were administered in a number of environmental settings: classrooms, gymnasiums, practice  fields, and offices. The internal consistency for each section was calculated: 0. 84 for training and instruction; 0. 66 for democratic; 0. 70 for autocratic; 0. 52 for social support; 0. 78 for positive feedback; and 0. 69 for situational consideration. There was no information, however, regarding the validity of the RLSS. A MANOVA was used to analyze the data for differences between male and female coaches with regard to leadership behaviors. This is not consistent with the type of data collected. The RLSS used a Likert scale (ordinal), yet a MANOVA would be most  applicable for normally distributed, quantitative data. The analysis showed there were no significant differences between male and female coaches in overall leadership behaviors. When the six leadership styles were examined separately, there was a significant difference in social support between males and females. In general, females scored much higher than did the male coaches. A MANOVA was also used to examine the data for differences between the three levels of coaching (junior high, high school, and college) with regard to leadership behavior in general. There were significant differences between the three levels. When breaking down the six behaviors and examining them individually, an ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Again, because the data for the RLSS is ordinal, an ANOVA is not the best analysis tool. The three coaching levels scored differently on three of the six behaviors: democratic behaviors, training and instruction, and social support. High school coaches scored much higher than college level coaches in democratic behavior. Junior high coaches were significantly lower in training and instruction than either high school or college coaches. Junior high coaches also demonstrated a lesser degree of social support than either the high school or college coaches. A MANOVA was again used to analyze the data for any interaction between gender and coaching level with regard to overall leadership behavior. Once again, a better analysis method could have been chosen based on the nature of the data collected. The results indicated no significant interactions. The ecological generaliziability for the study is fairly high. The surveys were mailed out, and returned on a volunteer basis. However, due to the nonrandom nature of the sample, the results would not generalizable beyond the 162 participants in the study. There was no effect size is listed for the study. In order to reduce threats to internal validity, the participants were asked to respond honestly and confidentiality was stressed so that the â€Å"coaches might feel more at ease in responding. † No other efforts were indicated. The researchers mention that the scales were given in a variety of settings. This could present a threat to the internal validity in that participants might not have been entirely focused on completing the scale, but instead on coordinating practice, completing  paperwork, etc. There are a number of other factors that could effect the internal validity of the study, yet were not addressed by the researchers. Coaching experience would greatly effect the responses of the participants, yet this was not considered in the study. The gender of the athletes may be a contributing factor to the coaches’ responses. It is not unreasonable to suppose that coaches of female athletes, particularly at the junior high and high school levels, will demonstrate more social support than those of male athletes. The nature of the  sport could also be critical. Certain coaching styles are more applicable for individual sports (wrestling, track, and tennis) than for team sports (football, soccer, and basketball). The socioeconomics and population of the school itself could play a factor. Certain schools have better athletes and programs in a particular sport, while others may not be able to field a winning team. In addition, at the high school level, coaches are occasionally asked/forced to work with a program they have no knowledge of or desire to coach due to staffing  shortages. This could dramatically influence a coach’s response to the scale questions. The history of the program as well as the individual coach’s personal coaching history could greatly influence responses. If the program has had several losing seasons in a row, perhaps the attitude of the coach could be different than that of a coach who has recently won a state title. An additional set of questions regarding the personal history of the coach in question could have helped reduce many of these threats. With additional information, the  researchers may have been able to use a modified matching system when analyzing the results. By increasing the number of independent variables to include things such as coaching experience and gender of the athletes, the researchers could have reduced some of the potential threats to internal validity. In addition, bringing coaches together to a common setting could have reduced location threat. Coaches meet seasonally for clinics. Perhaps obtaining permission to administer the survey during these meetings would have been possible. It would have also been possible to actually go to individual  schools and meet with the coaches as a group to administer surveys. This method would have given a good cross-section of gender and coaching experience for a variety of sports. While the study has merit, the methods need to be re-evaluated. The power of the study needs to be increased by obtaining a larger sample size. The numerous potential threats to internal validity need to be addressed and minimized where possible. It would also be helpful to be given data regarding the validity of the RLSS. Without these, it is impossible to evaluate the potential meaningfulness of this study.

Threater review Arthur Asher Miller

Asher Miller was one of the greatest playwrights and essayists of the 20th century. He won numerous awards for his writing including the Tony Award for best play and Pulitzer Prize for drama. He lived a long fruitful life and provided a total of seven decades In playwright. Earlier Life and Potential Influence to His Writing: Arthur was born In October 1 7th, 1915. He was the second of three children of Solder and Augusta Miller. HIS father was a well-known man In the community and they were well off. Urethra's father owned a women's clothing manufacturing business called â€Å"S. Miller & Sons† 1 and his mother was a school teacher.However, due to the Wall Street crash of 1929, the family lost their wealth and had to move to Gravesend, Brooklyn. Later in the teen years, Arthur had to pick up a part-time Job to save up for college and they lived a middle class life struggling with money. He did poorly in high school because he was more focused on athletics. After he graduated he went to college and later dropped out of NY City College because he was not able to keep up with both work and school. To sum it all up, â€Å"Living through young adulthood during he Great Depression, Miller was shaped by the poverty that surrounded him.The Depression demonstrated to the playwright the fragility and vulnerability of human existence In the modern era. † 2 Professor Eric Rabble at the university of Mulligan said, â€Å"It Is no surprise then that many of his plays deal with Individuals rendered helpless in the face of uncontrollable social forces and the impact that this sense of helplessness has on the individual and the relationships that surround him. † 3 After a few years, he applied to the University of Michigan and was apparently denied admission two times before acceptance because of his poor grades in high school.Once he was accepted, he majored in Journalism and became the editor for Michigan Daily. 4 Becoming a Playwright: Miller's writing flourished in college. He gained confidence In playwright when he won the Hoped Award for a play he wrote in 6 days called the â€Å"No Villain†. He then switched his major to English and this Is when he realized he had the talent to become a professional playwright-5 Luckily, Miller had the opportunity to meet one of the most Influential playwright Instructors name Kenneth Thorpe Rowe, who apparently has taught many other professional playwrights.Rowe motivated and instructed Miller the fundamentals of playwright. He also helped Miller connect to Broadway later in his career by using his connections. 6 With the help of Rowe he rewrote â€Å"No Villain† and revised the play into another title called â€Å"They Too Arise† and won another Hoped Award for the play. 7 Miller struggled financially throughout college and was a night editor, earning a very small salary. 8 â€Å"In 1 936, as a student at the University of Michigan, the National Youth Administration pai d me $1 5 a month o feed a couple of thousand mice in a cancer research laboratory,† Miller recalled. L walked two miles to get to the genetics lab. I washed dishes for my meals, but without that ANY money, I couldn't have paid my room rent and would no doubt have had to leave school. Jobs In those times were next to Impossible to find. † 9 1 strongly believe that these kinds of hardships In his college life and the terrible economy near future. In 1938, Miller graduated from the University of Michigan with a BAA in English. Miller struggled financially throughout college and wrote some radio scripts ND a few short stories for income after graduating. 0 He briefly worked for Federal Theater Project but it was closed by the US Congress due to â€Å"presumed communist influence†. Al In August 1940, Miller married his college sweetheart, Mary Grace Clattery. 12 Mary supported Miller with his writing by being the editor and also provided income working as a waitress. They had two children together named Jane and Robert. Playwright Career: After losing his Job and, at one point, even collecting federal assistance, he found many different work including being a ship fitter's helper at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.He kept up with his writing by writing many radio plays and scripts after work. 13 It was not until 1944 that Miller went to Broadway with his play called â€Å"The Man Who Had All the Luck†. Unfortunately, the play was closed after a total of six performances, two of which were previews. The play received negative reviews from critics and it nearly ended his playwright career. However, being the man of the family and having the obligation to support the family, he went on writing two books titled Situation Normal (1944) and Focus (1945). 14 Then in 1946 Miller released a new play called â€Å"AllMy Sons†. This play earned Miller major credits for being one of the best playwrights at the time. This play was a major success in Broa dway. It ran 328 performances and also earned Miller two Tony awards for Best Author and the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award. 15, 16 This play was rated one of the best ten plays of 1947. 17 With the income from this play, he built a small studio in Connecticut. It was here where he created one of the best plays of all time, â€Å"Death of the Salesman† (1948). 18 This is by far the most recognized play for Miller. He won numerous Tony Awards including thePulitzer Prize for Best Drama. There have been numerous revivals of â€Å"Death of the Salesman† and have been played in theater over thousands of times. There have even been film and television adaptations of this play. Some critics stated that â€Å"Death of a Salesman† was the first great American tragedy written. Following this success, Miller expressed his political beliefs with the play called â€Å"The Crucible† (1953). It seems that he is comparing the Salem Witch Trials in this play with th e ongoing sass and sass â€Å"anti-communist Red Scare and the congressional hearings of Seen.Joseph McCarthy going on in the United States at the time†. 19 â€Å"In reading this play, one can pick up on three important themes. The first is how people use escape goats to gain in their personal lives, and secondly, how one deals with their own personal set of morals, when placed against an entire groups. Lastly, The Crucible deals with the idea of how people in power will sacrifice what is truly right for the protection of their own power, or face†. 20 In June 1956, he divorced his first wife and married again with a well-known actress named Marilyn Monroe a few weeks later.They only lasted 4 years and Miller got married for the third time with Engine Mortar in 1962 and had two children together. 21 Miller's Influences and Style: Arthur Miller was heavily influenced by United States sociology of his time and had a deep insight with human behavior facing tragedy. Miller' s writing style is known for his honesty and true nature of man. His famous works like â€Å"Death of the Salesman† emphasize a difficult conflict within one family and address the larger issues his relationship with his uncle named Many Newman, who was also a salesman.His uncle practically had the personality and idea of Wily in â€Å"Death of the Salesman†. Miller wrote short stories in the earlier days about a failure of an unsuccessful salesman. He later on transformed this story into one of the greatest masterpieces of all time. 22 Miller said he was inspired by the Greeks, particularly Sophocles. â€Å"l think the tragic feeling is evoked in us when we are in the presence of a character who is ready to lay down his life, if need be, to secure one thing-his sense of personal dignity,† Miller writes. From Rooster to Hamlet, Made to Macbeth, the underlying trudge is that of the individual attempting to gain his ‘rightful' position in his society. † Miller considers the common man â€Å"as apt a subject for tragedy in its highest sense as kings were. â€Å"23 Miller wrote many different kinds of plays and scripts in his career. However, two of his most famous works like â€Å"Death of the Salesman† and â€Å"All My Sons† are known for being the best tragedy plays known to date. His protagonists in these two plays were both hard-working American men with their family, going through a struggle or conflict and involve a lie with a big truth moment.In â€Å"Death of he Salesman†, Wily wanted to believe that he was a â€Å"successful† salesman and that his sons were going to successful Just like him, achieving the American dream. He had all his hope on his older son Biff, who was popular and athletic. Wily believed that Biff had all the ingredients needed to be successful and wanted to believe that Biff would be successful. However, Biff confronts Wily about what is reality and why Wily needs to stop lying to believe that Biff is something special when he was Just ordinary. Similarly, in â€Å"All My Sons†, Joe lies to his own sons about a crime he omitted which killed 21 American pilots.Apparently, Joe who was a businessman purchased and sold faulty machine parts to the air force to get out of a tight financial situation and to top it all off, blamed his partner for the wrongdoing when he was the one that did it. However, this action later haunts him and his family. His son Larry went missing in World War II and for three years his fiance named Ann had been waiting for him. Apparently, his other son Chris falls in love with Ann and wanted to marry her. Joey's wife Kate did not want to accept that Larry was dead and knew that he secret would be revealed if they got married.Ann gave Chris Larry suicide note confirming that Larry was absolutely dead because he killed himself knowing his father had killed 21 American pilots because of his selfish action. Chris read this out to the whole family. 24 Interestingly enough, both of these plays ended with the protagonist committing suicide. Wily ended his life to provide insurance money to Biff to start his own business and Joe shot himself in head not wanting to face the judgment from his dead son, who killed himself because of his father and other son ho was ready to throw him in prison. 5 Both of these plays questioned morality and ethics. How far will a man go to save his family? Will he kill a man and keep his family hidden from the dirty truth? Or would he even kill himself to provide his son an income to start a business? It questions human instincts and how low a man would go to protect their own family. â€Å"The closer a man approaches tragedy the more intense is his concentration of emotion upon the fixed point of his commitment, which is to say the closer he approaches what in life we call fanaticism. â€Å"26

Elementary Math Questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Elementary Math Questions - Coursework Example They come in different shapes and forms and include algebra tiles, algebra blocks and algebra models. These different forms help support the different factors and variables, therefore, making it easier to understand the concept of algebra by use of visuals. This can be transferred easily to mathematical calculations later. There are many manipulatives that can be used in a classroom. However, the choice depends on the individual teacher and the grade level of the young learner. The manipulatives should also be easy and interesting. This is to avoid creating boredom and lack of interest for the learner. Some of the important manipulatives include counting, interlocking and rod, attribute blocks and money manipulatives. For example, I would use counting manipulatives to help learners determine missing numbers. This challenges the user to work it out and helps in quick understanding of the concept. Young elementary students should be allowed to use manipulatives both in class and during assessments. This is considering that they are the first means of helping young learners understand basic mathematics. Manipulatives should be allowed on assessments to help in evaluating the young learners ability to grasp the basic concepts. However, once these are found to be satisfactory, the younger learner should be weaned off from using them. This would help in making the learner develop mental abilities for doing calculations without their use. Set theory uses a collection of objects into sets used for objects relevant to mathematics. The theory tends to explain the inter-relationship between the objects. The way these are interchangeably arranged help learners to acquire the concept more easily. Visual presentation is important and it helps deepen the learners’ understanding. This makes it easy to do calculations later after they are no longer in use. This would be through the use of manipaulatives brought by the students or made in class out of foam sheets. The

Project Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project Management - Assignment Example 1. First is to have a fully autonomous council. This scenario allows for full control by the local council on any program particulars. However, there are several risks involved. First, this will require experienced individuals in launching socio-civic programs to execute a big social change. Secondly, it requires significant funding. This will either require finding a big sponsor, major government funding or launch mega projects to generate funds adding project complexity. Given the risks and enormous scope, this is a pessimistic option to be chosen. 2. Another scenario is to partner with national organizations on chewing gum litter control. Currently there are established groups effectively addressing the issue on a national level and are looking for local city councils to partner with and execute their programs. While this is a low-risk scenario, it maybe limiting the group from doing particular action steps that maybe tailor-fitted to the city. This is an optimistic scenario with limitations. 3. The last option would be a hybrid scenario of the first two. This has some amount of risk in terms of generating funding, but not as huge as that of option one. There can be starting capital from partnership with a national organization and the team can spring board from there to tailor fit more effective programs to address the chewing gum issue on a local scale. Thus, it is recommended to formulate a hybrid program that partners with a national organization against chewing gum litter while having its own strategies adapted locally II. Project Organization Illustrated in figure 4 is the proposed project organization while table 1 lists the roles, responsibilities and skills required of each member. In addition to this team, the stake holders of the project are also important. They will comprise the project board. They will be representatives of the local city council on ways and means, local city council on law and governance, city council on budget, a member from the cleanliness civic group and a representative from the national organiza

Short research report explaining a recent innovation in your area of Assignment

Short research report explaining a recent innovation in your area of interest or expertise - Assignment Example I happen to work as a junior assistant manager in Ufone mobile manufacturing company, and after reading various authentic research reports about the revolutionary features of Symbian 3 technology, I think that supporting this feature in the mobiles can really make any company stand in the mainstream. According to Tofel, Symbian- in accordance with its dynamic approach has successfully introduced a totally new horizon in the form of Symbian 3 to the mobile software engineers and common public by giving them a chance to enjoy easy application programming. The new web development tools introduced by the Symbian 3 operating system are extremely easy-to-use and convenient for the users, allowing them to access most of the important applications from the home screen at the same time. I feel that my company needs to make this software technology its top most priority because the addition of this amazing feature in our cell phones will significantly change the way the customers see our mobil es. The broad range of effective application and software development tools like multi-touch gesture support offered by Symbian 3 is greatly capable of affecting the productivity and customer satisfaction scale in a positive way (Symbian^3). Positive effects of Symbian 3 on the mobile manufacturing industry: According to Spence, Symbian 3 has managed in influencing the mobile industry in such a huge way that it is reported to be undergoing the biggest change as yet seen in the history. Reportedly, almost 314000 latest high-end smartphones featuring Symbian 3 technology are getting sold on a daily basis. This interesting piece of information points towards an important fact, which suggests that the soaring popularity gained by Symbian is far outweighing the popularity that was the pride of other eminent mobile manufacturers like Android and Palm. This immense popularity also underlines the understandable fact that commitment with this important and interesting feature can prove to be hugely beneficial for any cell phone manufacturing company in terms of gross revenue and customer appreciation. I want this technology to become the defining symbol of our company because the amazing web development tools are easy-to-get-familiar-with for any user, who even has not any solid technical understanding. It is an undisputed reality that the priorities of the customers keep changing with time and no technology, be it immensely effective and convenient for the public, lasts forever in the context of public appreciation. Flexibility should be an essential feature of organizational behavior and so, I want my company to adhere to this latest technology so that new changes can be brought in the way the mobile softwares are designed. We should look up to the biggest changes brought by the topmost technologies introduced in the international mobile industry and Symbian 3 is definitely one of those eye-catching technologies. Why Symbian 3 should be made the top priority of any m obile company? Shaukat lays stress on the remarkable features supported by the Symbian OS by saying that the software tools that come with Symbian 3 have made the founder of this technology, Symbian, so popular that â€Å"it has taken over 70% of the existing smartphone market.†

Too Good to Revise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Too Good to Revise - Essay Example There are many offered courses to improve your writing and make it creative for others.Any writer must become an expert reader first, because reading holds a major impact on your writing. The more you’ll read, the more knowledge you’ll gain on the writing styles, characterization and how the language has been used by the Author. Once you write, revise it thoroughly, that is because it will help you to evaluate, pick up your errors (grammar mistakes, spelling mistakes, missed-out words/sentences) and re-write.Creative writing not only involves writing, it also involves themes, questions, arguments and ideas.Writing can never be said as hundred percent perfect. A person learns to write more effectively throughout his/her entire life.Improvement in writing covers its path on day to day basis and the more you concentrate & put yourself whole self in it. You can’t just become an Author over-night. (Menand,

The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie Analysis Term Paper

The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie Analysis - Term Paper Example This explains her divided personality (Spark 6). Miss Brodie had a group of 10 year old girls who she considered her group. They would learn things that were not necessarily in the curriculum but were worthy knowing. She chose her group members on the ground that she could put her trust in them, those whose parents could not raise complaints on what their daughters were being taught which was more irrelevant or those whose parents constituted the elite group who had too much knowledge and exposure to complain about Miss Brodie’s teaching methods and policies (Alberto and Ann 6).she also chose girls whose parents were unenlightened to be able to question her teaching policies and who believed in the high rated reputation of this school. Miss Brodie’s untrustworthiness comes out here when she gains trust from the parents and the students and later exposes them to her a lot of details of her intimate life. Miss Brodie is also negligent in that she goes out of her way to teach something like the interior decoration of the author of Winnie The Pooh, skin cleansing substances or about the love life of Charlotte Bronte which is out of the out of the curriculum she was entrusted with. Miss Brodie in one of her grammar lesson decides to tell her students about the accident of her lover. She narrates the story critically and the emotional ten year olds break into tears. When the headmistress Miss Mackay, pays the class n impromptu visit Miss Brodie manages to selfishly lure the students to say that they are crying about a moving history story from the WW1.This was a selfish lie (Spark 8). Miss Jean Brodie was narcissistic and that barred her form genuinely caring about her students and that explains her behavioral contradictory. She burns with a desire to be admired and adored by everyone; more so by the Brodie set (Spark 11) she fails in caring about her students in a healthy way but instead

SHOW HOW COMMUNICATION RESEARCHERS AND PROFESSIONALS ARE USING Essay

SHOW HOW COMMUNICATION RESEARCHERS AND PROFESSIONALS ARE USING SYMBOLIC CONVERGENCE THEORY TO HELP EPLAIN OR IMPROVE A COMMUNICATION SITUATION - Essay Example These definitions are applied in attempts to understand the process of investigation and giving meaning to something. The simplest definition of communication is â€Å"sharing of information†. However, it is important to accept and perceive correctly what is shared. Some scientists define communication as an â€Å"exchange of perception†. It is a well-known fact that communication is very important not only in business but in our daily life. Its nature was thoroughly investigated by famous philosophers Aristotle, Socrates and Plato. Aristotle tried to create a communication and language theory. In his work The Rhetoric the philosopher talked about persuasion, while in another creation De Interpretatione  he shares his thoughts about the connection between reason and language. The Symbolic Convergence Theory, created by Ernest Bormann, offers a general interpretation of communication between people. The creator calls his theory "social scientific research in its goal of providing generalizations that hold for a large domain of communication" (Bormann, 1982). This theory offers a technique of people communication in a small group. The given paper is designed to explain and interpret the Symbolic Convergence theory. The Symbolic Convergence Theory is founded on the suggestion that individuals of one group should interchange visions with the purpose of making their group more united. These kinds of visions should disclose feeling. Once interchanging a vision within a collective, it develops a figurative union. This will improve the communication inside the group and its efficiency. A person can share any information, he can tell about his impressions, his taste, the food or beverage he likes. According to Antoine, Althouse, and Ball (2005), Symbolic Convergence Theory "underscores the human tendency to share dramatized narratives, which leads to the potential for persuasion" (Antoine, Althouse, and Ball,

Bank of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bank of America - Essay Example Up to that point, this was the largest acquisition deal in the banking sector. After the acquisition by Nations Bank of Bank America, the Bank of America emerged and, while it was technically an acquisition, this deal had a structure similar to that of a merger (James & James 34). After the Chairman and CEO of the Bank of America Hugh McColl resigned, his successor Ken Lewis focused the bank’s attentions on efficiency and financial discipline, which was in contrast to earlier expansionary acquisition and merger strategies pursued by McColl. However, in 2004, the Bank of America acquired the National Processing Company from National Corp for some $1.4 billion, renaming it BA Merchant Services (James & James 37). National Processing Company was at the time engaged in the processing of MasterCard and VISA transactions. As a result of this acquisition, this company now processed at least one in every six MasterCard and VISA transactions, while also expanding the Bank of America’s share of the financial solutions market, especially for healthcare and travel companies. In addition, the bank also acquired FleetBoston Financial in 2004 for some $47 billion, which was aimed at aiding the Bank of America to attain market share in the United States’ northeastern region (James & James 38). This solidified its position as the bank in the United States with the highest FDIC-rated deposit market share with over $513 billion in deposits. This placed well the Bank of America ahead of JP Morgan Chase-Bank One and Wells Fargo & Co, which had deposits of $353 billion and $228 billion respectively as of the year 2003 (James & James 39). The Bank of America also announced the acquisition of MBNA, a credit card giant, for $35 billion in stocks and cash. This deal was given the final approval in December of 2005 by the Federal Reserve Board, which gave the green

Qualities of Good Teachers Essay Example for Free

Qualities of Good Teachers Essay There are many internet sources that post lists of qualities that all great teachers should possess. These lists range from 10-15 characteristics, but I believe that they can be summed into a love for children, not only a firm knowledge in their content area but passion as well, and that they take the time to get to know their students by developing a healthy student-teacher relationship. In his book Qualities of an Effective Teacher, James Stronge subcategorizes qualities into the teacher as a person, as an individual, and he lists specific qualities that show caring and responsibility for students. However, I believe what it really boils down to is a joy of being around students and a love for the job. If a teacher genuinely loves children, he or she will do whatever necessary to help that child succeed, including planning, mentoring, differentiated teaching, etc. Harry Wong states in The First Days of School that the students are going to want to know the teacher as a person and if the teacher will treat them with respect. Therefore, effective teachers will take the time to show the students respect and involve them in their own learning process. I don’t think that there is a difference between good and effective. I think that is just a matter of semantics. Of course we might be able to specify a good teacher is one who has a joy and gets the students motivated to learn while an effective teacher is one who performs the preparation tasks well: good planning, classroom management, monitors student progress. However, I think that if a teacher has such a joy for teaching and is enthusiastic, he or she will want to be effective as well and keep good records and plans, etc. The same is true for those teachers who are great at the behind-the-scenes tasks. If someone is so well-prepared, why wouldn’t he have enthusiasm and be able to motivate the students? Therefore, I believe separating these two words is impossible, for all good teachers are effective and vice versa.

Hitler Speech Essay Example for Free

Hitler Speech Essay Adolph Hitler is known by his charismatic personality, his strict military background, and his expressive and formal attitude in giving speeches. Hitler’s speech given on the 26th of September 1938, among all the millions of words that he addressed to his audience, is the most enthusiastic, optimistic, and motivated speeches I’ve read. Hitler started off his speech insisting to solve the problem he has in Europe, he showed that he is persistent, determined and eager to do so. Withdrawing and not resolving the issue was not one of his options, he was strong minded to get to the bottom of it. Hitler believed that, with the faith of God, he will succeed. Hitler used unusual words when addressing specific people and countries. Him using terms such as ‘crazy so-called’, illustrates that he was doubtful and alleged that these statesmen of Europe were not even qualified enough for their positions. Moreover, he also labeled the new states they formed as â€Å"so called states†; Hitler didn’t even identify them as real states. So-called is type of slogan used to falsely think of something. Europe thought it had skilled and entitled statesmen whom formed new states, but to Hitler; they were anything but eligible statesmen whom formed anything but upright states. Hitler, later in his speech, mentioned a person named Mr. Benes; he introduced him as â€Å"This Mr. Benes†. For Adolph Hitler to use such expressions, that proved that he pitted him, and didn’t consider him as respectful human. Hitler knew all his lies. While giving his speech he was sending a message showing that he wasn’t fooled nor tricked. Part of the speech that grabbed my attention personally was â€Å"Now the shameless part†¦.. t their own brothers† because of 2 reasons. He described the policies that were implemented by the government as terrible policies, but he didn’t mention any specific word stating that, instead by saying â€Å"policy which†¦. shoot at their own brothers† it perfectly showed exactly what kind of policies they were, policies so dreadful to fact it will turn them against each other and start a civil war. Hitler compared himself with Mr. Benes mentioning himself as decent solider, but Benes; as a sneaky man, who did not play by rules. He proclaims that he will stand against him and declare war if he has too, and he will stand by his people and protect them by saying he is their soldier. Hitler demonstrated himself as a patient man, he dealt with Benes in a sophisticated way. Hitler was so determined in gaining Germany their freedom, one way or another. Hitler was threating Mr. Benes. He showed it by giving him an offer, if he didn’t accept it, Hitler would start a war. This indorsed his strength and power, he never took no for answer. If Hitler wants something he fights for it. What made Hitler make such threats is because Mr. Benes made him wait for so long, and it exceeded his patience. Another thing I liked personally in Adolph Hitler’s speech is when he talks about himself and his public, he makes it sound as if they are all equal, and they stand side by side, all of them together. He didn’t make them feel he was a leader and that they had to follow and obey him. Hitler ended his speech with convincing his public, all the German people both men and women to fight with him, stand with him by his side against Mr.  Benes. He motivated the public and encouraged them; moreover he was building confidence in them when saying they are stronger than before. Hitler also gave them an example of himself when he was an ordinary soldier, commenting that he didn’t have doubts of succeeding, and having faith in victory. I think we was trying to point out to the public that, even though you are just a normal individual (just like himself back then), it won’t prevent you from conquering your enemy. To come to a conclusion, from my point of view, I see this speech as a motivational speech to the public to fight against whoever isn’t fair with them. It was also a kind of threat to Mr. Benes, threating him to make his decision faster or else, Hitler will start a war against him. Hitler dealt with his issue patiently, even though his patience came to an end, he didn’t attack his enemy aggressively; He simply warned him. Generally speaking, Hitler was a worldly wise man, a supreme leader, and role model to many.

Conflict theory

Conflict theory Abstract With the development of the labeling theory, many researchers found experimentation and data collection easier to finding predictors in criminal behavior. Assuming that criminal behavior is constantly existent, according to Emile Durkheim, it is debatable whether crime is beneficial to society. Despite appeals for controlling crime in specific terms of the Classical School, there are complications in todays society that can effect later generations based on the theory of conflict and control. Since competition, dominance, and control are persistent in an individual’s way of life, their behavior is dictated as such through their social class, but also within the behaviors of those opposing them, causing consistent conflict. This paper will explain conflict theories, the theorists and the variables involved, and the select policy implications that can benefit and cripple society for a more stable living environment. Keyword(s): society, conflict, competition, criminal behavior, control, Quinney Conflict Theory The rich versus the poor. The right versus the wrong. The healthy versus the sick. The righteous versus the evil. What these all have in common there is conflict between them all. Whether created based on social status or by some form of problem within individual lives, conflict resides as a form of power or control over others. In today’s society, communities are overpowered by unfair wages, improper education fees, unjust regulations for jobs, and immoral methods of social prosperity within social classes. This continued with a conflict of employment, where jobs are either available for those who want to work or people complain due for certain demands without placing any effort for them. By placing conflict on certain ideals, the rationale of life is divided further to where dominance and control will deconstruct standards ways of life. Main Idea of Conflict Theory The main idea of the conflict theory is an offshoot of the labeling theory. Conflict theory assumes that the rich or powerful have the upper hand in society their philosophy is that conflict in society is inevitable and resources are in demand, and control over these resources brings about a majority of these conflicts in society (Williams McShane, 2014). Whether the conflict between classes lasts between economic status and social status, the theory gathers the assumption of classes dominating one another for the sole purpose of control within a social hierarchy. Complex or Abstract? The perspective of the conflict theorists would be categorized as complex because of the variety of philosophies within the conflict theory. For example, the pluralist conflict perspective assumes struggles based on various groups by numerous reasons including economic and social status (Williams McShane, 2014). Many problems may occur within one section of groups within a functioning society that may collide with other groups, like budget expenses and manpower for war. These problems emerge at any point through everyday life, and can be deterred. However, it is society that dictates the change to take one course of action or another. As a result, the impeding action from one person can influence another, but also hinder an individual to act against the judgment of one for the benefit of resources or availability of needs and services. Because power is synonymous with resources, the social class structures implies, with conflict, that those who can obtain certain luxuries within the social hierarchy can benefit better than others in a plethora of ways. As a result, competition occurs and conflict resumes through domination and control over the others. What Are We Studying? The interdisciplinary natures of this theory involve the affluent members of society controls the resources in society and uses the law as the way for control. For pluralist conflict perspectives, as stated earlier, those who could obtain the resources over others would thrive better than others. However, research towards criminal justice assumes that â€Å"power groups determined to use criminal law to advance their own special interested or to impose their moral preferences on others† (Williams McShane, 2014). In layman’s terms, there will be powers within reason to control others based on employment, economic status, social status and other factors that will impede on others. Therefore, competition will always be present within society, and conflict will always occur. However, society dictates that without competition and conflict, then structures of society, including government, would be flawed, and crimes would not be as a individually punishable as it is today. According to Marxist criminology (cited by Williams McShane, 2014), conflict due to limitation of resources and scarcity in distribution of said resources like power can create conflict with those do have power and those who do not. This imbalance stems towards dominance and control and, as a result, dwindles down the middle zone of social hierarchy. Theorists of Conflict Theory Though there are several theorists that benefited from the development of conflict theories, one notable for the most profound change in the theory was Richard Quinney in the 1960s and 1970s. Using his dual degree in social and psychology from Carroll College, his later works in education gathered the â€Å"Lone Ranger† mentality of American values towards his perspective of time (Williams McShane, 2014). His most influential production within the conflict theory is the six propositions of the social reality of crime, where conflict was the product of reaction. Since certain classes react to specific behaviors like criminal behavior, they associate those behaviors to be defined as criminal and subject those behaviors as such for power and gain at a societal level, whether through dominance in numbers of in favor of public appeal. As a result, the divide between the upper and lower classes is strained where the lower classes emulates those around them deviating from the norm a nd subjecting to criminal behavior. Variables of Conflict Theory In the basis of the conflict theory, the variables are more strained towards the individual, but the differences in experimentation differ on a monumental scale. While the dependent variable is the sole individual, the independent variable is redefined to the basis of social status, including finances, employment, and other methods of competition within society. These independent variables also include competition in education, economic status, mental and physical health, and living status (house versus apartment). Because of these implications on the individual and their impacts towards his or her life in society, their life places them in a specific class to where they will be conflicting with others due to how they live their life. Whether they engage in criminal acts as a result is entirely subjective and speculative at best, but any of those factors can assume that criminal behavior can occur. Qualitative Versus Quantitative Based on the information provided by other theorists, the studies involving conflict theory are assumed to be qualitative. For example, under the justifications of conflict theory made by Quinney and Steven Spitzer during the 1970s, Spitzer developed five types of â€Å"problems populations,† where conflicts would most likely occur in society, and the observations he recorded between two different areas of social status presume that no need for control will exist if one group does not impose a threat on the other (Williams McShane, 2014). These observations, including those recorded by Karl Marx over the industrial class, subject nothing to statistical data to support their findings, and the observations by the sole individual create more reliable data to make their findings more conclusive. Conflict Theory: The Good and the Bad While the theory itself is proven to be beneficial to proving common behaviors within society and proving the behaviors associated with social status and social class, it can be commonly proven that the opportunities given to select individuals will lessen and heighten and chances of criminality. With conflict theory, competition and dominance will instill negative behaviors affluent to criminality, stemming criminal behavior and delinquency through any individual based on any factors of socioeconomic status. However, the theory assumes that all people within a specific class will compete and lead to criminal behavior. For example, the entirety of the lower class will dwell into crime because of the lack of resources the upper class have that the lower class need creates conflict between the two, proving Quinney’s proposal as earlier stated. Though this does prove criminal behavior within conflict, it does not substantiate and validate the findings of all forms of conflict. It only assumes conflict as a common predictor to all forms of crime rather than proving a certain variable can be the first step to all criminality. Instead, the form translates to the socioeconomic status as an overgeneralized example, therefore, causing reliability of all statistics to be flawed. Macro-theory Versus Micro-theory Based on the information provided earlier, this would be classified as a micro theory. The study of social struggles between the poor and the middle to upper class. The disparity in resources or social status causes the greatest conflicts. The laws are implemented to favor the rich, and leave the poor at a distinct disadvantage, forcing them to remain where they are without any distinct change in their standards of living. Personal Reflection I wholeheartedly agree with the main idea of this theory. Conflicts in society are inevitable. People, in general, have aspirations and ambitions, and when others with a different philosophy or mindset disagree, this causes friction or conflict. In some instances, a person’s ambition can spiral out of control, causing the ambition to take a desperate edge and become something negative everywhere the initial intentions are noble. Another point of this theory I agree with is the rich or affluent have the upper hand in society. They have the money, which translates into power, and results in them having a profound advantage over the poor. Money gets you notoriety, political power, and, at times, can buy them justice. Despite the influence of class with money, money does not guarantee class. It simply gives you better opportunities. There are just as many poor people with class, integrity and honesty as the privileged. Policy Implications Because many areas within society are crippled due to the introduction of conflict theory, there are various policy implications that can complement and prevent certain behaviors from occurring. As stated in earlier papers, one common solution to reducing crime and any form of recidivism is the factor of minimum wage. By increasing minimum wage state-wide, more jobs are created and higher opportunities of living are created for the lower and middle class. This would constitute a better standard of living pursuant of the American Dream, but there are issues. Since people are already assumed to be competitive, the works of specific individuals in certain classes, including the upper class, will still create conflict. For example, in the sake of unions, the beginning of unions was to give workers some rights and affordable wages to wear the workers could provide for their families and have sustainable living. Over time, the workers would want more and more until the owners would make co sts to their own lives and the workers are no longer in control. The workers’ competitiveness and willpower to ask for more consistently causes instability between the working class (proletariat) and the owners (bourgeoisie). There has been speculation to whether increasing wages would help, but inflation would result for standards of living because competition will exist through dominance and control. However, what if wages were made a set limit regardless of education or status, and set based on employment. One person is paid ten dollars an hour as a cashier for McDonalds while another person is paid 30 dollars an hour as a police officer to ensure the protection of the communities he is sworn to protect and serve. Competition with wages will still occur as well as conflict due to the bias of employment and stereotypical bias. Therefore, wages changing isn’t beneficial to society, but it assists those as a readily available solution to react quickly and only in the moment to assist. At the same effect, another possible solution towards conflict theory in society is providing free education for all citizens, regardless of economic status. In Germany today, all colleges have been made free for tuition, which may lead most American citizens who have usable visas and are seeking further education to head overseas for an easily affordable education (Salles, 2014). Because of this drastic change in policy, the United States could implement this, but the system of government seems too controlling towards the middle and lower class to let anything happen to their puppets in the masquerade of life they ordain and manipulative for the upper class to gain. Since most students attending colleges in the United States are toppling with debt due to high tuition rates, it seems more reasonable for governments to be conflict with one another based on public policy, but the individuals are given better opportunities between the two as a means for a higher standard of living. References Salles, J.M. (2014). â€Å"This Country Just Abolished College Tuition Fees.† Thinkprogress.org. Retrieved from http://thinkprogress.org/education/2014/10/01/3574551/germany-free-college-tuition/ Williams III, F.P. McShane, M.D. (2014). Criminological Theory (6th Ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Scarletletter Symbolism :: essays research papers

The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne uses many things for symbolism and in my opinion the most symbolic were the scaffold scenes. There are a total of three scaffold scenes and each has its own purpose and meaning. Without the scaffold scenes this book would basically leave you clueless to what was really going on because the scaffold scenes really tell you what is going on and why.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first scaffold scene is basically an introduction to the whole book. You learn who all the main charters are and most of all Hester and her terrible crime she committed. This is the first time everyone sees Hester with the letter “A'; on her bosom. Hester is a very brave woman for standing up on that scaffold in front of everyone in the town to gawk at and for admitting that she had committed adultery. Also, it takes a very courageous person to stick up for what they believe in like she did by not telling who she had committed the crime with. The whole story builds you up to this point of finding out who Hester committed adultery with. By this point in the story you have some clue who the father of Pearl is but until you get to the second scaffold scene you don’t know for sure. At the second scaffold scene Dimesdale is on the scaffold and Hester and Pearl come up and join him. Dimesdale is wearing down by the burden of his sin he committed. He goes to the scaffold to confess to God and ask for some kind of forgiveness. Then a cloud forms the letter “A'; in the sky and everyone thinks this stands for angel because that’s how they view Dimesdale. Then when Dimesdale goes to leave he leaves his glove on the scaffold to symbolize he was there and that he should have been up there with Hester and his daughter in the first place. Then when you think everything is going to turn out okay and nothing bad is going to happen to Hester and Pearl, Dimesdale goes up on the scaffold. This worries Hester like it would anyone in her position. So Hester and Pearl join him again on the scaffold. Hester is wearing the Scarlet Letter like always and then Dimesdale shows his letter “A'; that he inscribed over his heart.

Analysis Of Star Wars Essay -- Papers

Analysis Of Star Wars This essay will be analysing the opening sequence of Star Wars. It will be focusing on camera angles, binary opposition and codes and conventions. This film is a typical example of sci-fi, we can tell this by the use of visual codes and convention. The film is set in space and Spaceships are in conflict with each other, there are lazers being fired, robots are running around and there is a clear divide between good and evil. At the beginning of the sequence there are words scrolling back into the distance telling a story. This sets the scene and lets the audience know what is happening. When the last of the words have faded the camera tilts down to reveal the surface of a planet. A small ship flys by, then a much larger ship follows. This second ship almost fills the whole screen, which gives a sense of fear and feels slightly intimidating to the audience. Whilst the two ships are battling, the Rebels ship has its main reactor shut down; the Rebels ship is the smaller of the two, and is now unable to move anywhere; we know this because of the first two characters we meet, C3PO and R2D2, these are the two main robots in the film. C3PO is a narrator figure, he tells the audience what is going on and what could happen; He is also the one in panic whereas R2D2 is very calm and laid back. There are many close ups of each robot so the audience feels connected to them, especially C3PO because he seems human. But even though R2D2 is not human people can still connect with him because he is slightly comic in the way he makes noises and the way he talks to himself. Also each robot has its own colour t... ...if that is spiralling too. The camera cuts to outside the Pod; from here it is very clear that the Pod is spiralling down almost out of control. It fades into the distance until it can't be seen. Cutting between characters is sometimes quite rapid in a time of panic of confusion. It's used to show different emotions in the same situation. The camera angles in the film are varied to show different feelings and emotions. For example, when Darth Vader is introduced the camera is tilted up to show he is tall and powerful. Colouring is also very clear, right from the time the audience board a ship it is clear which ship they are on, this is because of the robots colouring and the humans' clothes. The robots are decorated with friendly colours, white, blue and gold, and the humans' clothes are plain with no armour.

Leadership and Organizational Culture Essay -- Leadership Theory, Powe

House et al. (2007) discovers that leadership and Organisational culture are closely linked together as leaders influence the culture of their organisations. Researches talk about a range of leadership definitions but it is not easy to define. (E.g. Western, 2008; Yukl, 2010). However, Cohen (2009) critically analyses definitions from Dracker (1996), Eisenhower (1969), Northouse (2004) and finally summarised the definition of leadership constitutes five elements. First of all, ask question to set direction, which means effective leaders need to listen to followers’ voice respectfully and then share the common goals and ideas with them. In addition, leaders need to seek insights and allocate resources optimally; act ethically; allow their employees to work in a conformable and most effective way. This essay will explain different leadership styles and how they influence the organisations with examples of organisations and leaders with main focus on well-known entrepreneur: Sir Alan Sugar. He grows from nothing to incredible success ( £ 730 million), is a legend in the UK business history; his reality TV show â€Å"The Apprentice†, a great entertainment for recruitment appeals to the public without reasons. However, he as a person is controversial amongst people, probably due to his leadership style as bullying or harassment (destructive). There are four schools of leadership styles: Trait, behavioural, contingency and transformational. Nevertheless, in the case of Alan Sugar, trait and transactional styles match him which will be illustrated following in detail. As Yukl (2010) indicates, such factors (e.g. personality, values and capacities) attributed to a leader. Normally it is widespread acknowledged that someone is born to be a lead... ...l man who enables others to think and do in his way (role model) and his employees work him for unconditional loyalty (e.g. his PA), also, adopt a fair system of rewards and punishments; however, as a leader sometimes he just needs some transformational styles which respect and communicate with followers equally rather than forced them to shut up rudely. As for organizational culture, the article obtains further understanding that some factors attribute to detect cultures existed in an organisation, communication system, for example. As a result, it can be identified that his culture not only can be classified as power but task. Moreover, due to the changeable outside environment, compounded and flexible cultures seems to be a better way for an organisation’s sustainable development. Therefore, leadership is tightly related to organizational culture.

The Life of Walter Mitty (Alternate Ending)

The life of Walter Mitty By Gregory Jones 9/17/12 Walter Mitty the Undefeated, inscrutable to the last. â€Å"Walter! † his wife yelled â€Å"what are you doing can’t you see I’m ready to leave! † Ok Mitty replied they got into the car and Mitty turned on the radio. The Football game had just ended, and the announcer was describing the atmosphere in the game it was the 4th quarter with only 30 seconds left on the clock. â€Å"Ok Mitty you’re going to throw to the drag route understand? â€Å"Yeah coach I know what to do I’ve done this before† Mitty ran onto the field into the huddle. â€Å"Ok guys we got 30 seconds left were going for it now, everyone just run down for a Hail Mary. The players stared at him in confusion they all knew the coach wouldn’t have called the play but they had faith in their quarterback to win the games. Mitty slowly walked up to the center and got set, looking at the linebackers and safety. Hike† Mitty dropped back, but the defensive tackle broke through the line and chased him out of the pocket. Mitty rolled out of the pocket knowing there wouldn’t be any open receivers. He pumped fake to make the linebackers drop deeper in coverage before he started running. He juked the first linebacker and hurdled the second. The crowd began to scream and yell as they realized Mitty had got the first down with 20 seconds remaining on the clock. But Mitty didn’t run out of bounds he was going for the win now.The corners and safety know having knowledge that Mitty was running immediately joined the chase. He stiff armed one corner to the ground still in full stride. The crowd was going completely berserk. Mitty had one last man until he scored the winning touchdown. Mitty was on the 5 the safety on the 1 Mitty leaped off the ground reaching the ball out. â€Å"Walter you passed our house! † â€Å" I was going to score† Mitty whispered â€Å"what?!?!? You mus t remember to take your medicine you always daze off when you don’t. †

Impact of Special Education in the Society Essay

Filipinos are known to be hospitable in all circumstances, boys or girls, young or old and normal or disabled are alike. In fact, there is a law enacted only for the adjustment of the disabled people to the Philippines society. The Republic Act No. 7277 â€Å"Magna Carta for Disabled Persons† in accordance to it, it is an act providing for the Rehabilitation, Self-Development and Self-Reliance of disabled persons and their integration into the mainstream of society and for other purposes. According to Section 2 of this Law, disabled persons are part of the Philippines society. This proves that there is no gap between disabled and normal people are equal and unbiased. Balance in terms of education, health services,auxiliary social services,telecommunications,accessibility,political and civil rights and employment. If one of the stated laws is violated, there will be a corresponding penalty depending on how the rule is dishonored. This are the notion of the PWD’s in the P hilippine society when it comes to civil liberties. On the other hand, various impolite citizens desert PWD’s in the society. They criticize them by their physical appearances and their handicapped, I have seen many of those scenes in the movies. Nevertheless,today,there are many organizations that are established which aims to help the PWD’s that excels in various sports and arts. Filipinos have strong family ties. Aside from those organizations, the families of the PWD’s that excels in various sports and arts. Filipinos have strong family ties. Aside from those organizations, the families of the PWD’s are also accommodating in supporting their needs. They are the ones who are responsible for the caring and giving of love and affection to the PWD’s so that they will not feel that they are being neglected. Now a days, there are a lot of PWD’s that excels in various sports and arts. This testifies that there are no exceptions in terms of talent identification either normal or disabled. God created man as one, with equal standard of rights. What the normal people can do, PWD ’s are also capable of doing them. I have already seen people with disabilities and abnormalities. When I was in elementary, I have encountered talking to those people or students who were having abnormalities because our school was having a Sped class. I observed how they behave,socialize, work and interact with others. Some students, at  times make fun of them and usually laugh at them. And it got me thinking what would it like to be if I were in their shoe? I realized that it’s not that easy. It needs a lot of understanding and patience. To educate a special child needs a lot of patience but for me if we just understand what they are and be optimistic they will learn thing what normal students can learn, there’s a big possibility that the special kid will be educated. We should also accept them whole heartedly. Love them and care for them so that they will not feel neglected. We should treat them equally with the other normal people. Because special children knows and feel that they are being deserted and that should not happen. I have a classmate in the elementary before who is an autistic child. He was very intelligent in math. And because of that observation, I concluded that special children have special talents and knowledge. I believe that they can do what normal people can do. Special education is the way to educate special children what I have learned and what they should learn, to enhance there hidden talents and skills to excel more in other things to compete with those normal people. It is also the way to train them as good citizens and children of God. And also a way for them to know and learn the values of life so that they will know how to respect each other including the normal ones. Through special education, the parents of special children can also learn and get some ideas on how to educate their child from the sped educators because it doesn’t mean the the obligation of the parents is over and all the responsibility is handed to the educator. And through SPED, parents can apply what they have learned from the educator is their homes. because the obligation of the parents is to educate their children until the end. We are in the world of differences, both mentally and physically. But in the eyes of the Almighty God we are one. So the development of special children should be continuously taught with patience, care and love.

Succubus Revealed Chapter 21

You would think the first moments of my new life, with a soul, would be magical and wonderful. Mostly, they just hurt. â€Å"Ow.† â€Å"Not quite the same without immortal healing, eh, sweetie?† I squinted into Hugh's grinning face. He stood in front of a huge window, backlit into blinding radiance. Turning my head, I slowly assessed the rest of my surroundings, taking in the familiar signs of a hospital room. I was lying on a bed, an IV in my arm, next to some beeping machines with indecipherable readouts. I glanced back at Hugh. â€Å"Can you close the curtains? Or move to the other side of me?† He shut the curtains partway, still keeping the room lit but no longer to eye-searing levels. â€Å"Better?† â€Å"Yeah. Thanks.† I shifted slightly, trying to assess my body's injuries. There was soreness in my ribs, a feeling of constriction when I breathed. Part of that was from whatever hurt they'd sustained and the rest was from the bandages tightly wrapped around my torso. All the better to keep me from making things worse, I supposed. â€Å"How . . . how long have I been in here?† Recent events were still kind of a blur. In some ways, the trial felt like it had happen seconds ago. Yet it also had the dreamlike quality of something that had occurred last century. It was hard to wrap my mind around. â€Å"Well,† said Hugh, â€Å"your body's been here for about four days. ‘You' on the other hand . . . oh, you came back to us about two days ago.† â€Å"You could tell?† I said. His smile grew wry. â€Å"You forget what I do for a living. When you were in Hell, you didn't have a soul.† â€Å"I didn't have a soul before then,† I pointed out. â€Å"I mean, technically it belonged to Hell, right?† â€Å"Yes, but even if you don't own it, you still possess it. You can't function or exist without it. Our souls are like . . . oh, I don't know. It's like they're encased in amber. They're there, and I can see them inside us. They're just inaccessible, in a way that's different from humans. When you were gone, you had nothing. Not even a tagged soul. There was just kind of a . . . hollow darkness within you while you lay here.† I shivered, not liking the image. â€Å"And now?† â€Å"And now?† Hugh's face softened, taking on a look of wonder that I'd never before seen on the usually gruff and snide imp. â€Å"Oh, sweetie. When you came back, I was here . . . and it was like . . . fuck, I don't know. I'm terrible at similes. It was like the sun, after an eclipse. You think that's bright?† He nodded toward the window. â€Å"That's nothing. You have your soul back, unfettered and unrestrained . . . and it's amazing. It's beautiful, so beautiful. I've never seen anything like it.† â€Å"Is it . . . is it tainted? I mean, I've done things . . .† â€Å"You get it back shiny and new. That's in clause 13.2.1. It's a sign of how confident Hell is about never having to give souls back. Don't worry,† he added. A goofy grin had started to spread over my face. â€Å"Even the best people have a few screwups. You'll break your soul in in no time. It's like a car. Loses its value when you drive it off the lot.† â€Å"Just hopefully not to the same degree as before,† I muttered. A new, panicked thought came to me. I was pretty confident of the answer, but I had to ask. â€Å"And my body? Which one is it?† â€Å"The same Georgina we all know and love. There are also stipulations about that, for succubi freed of their contracts. It would get messy giving you back your original body and figuring out what to do with you as far as location and time. So, you're simply reinstated with your soul into whatever body and location you were last in.† He paused. â€Å"I'm fairly certain it's never happened to any succubus before.† â€Å"Thank goodness I wasn't in the kind of body Tawny was when Jerome was summoned,† I remarked. She had been wearing a truly horrendous shape, but since we were all cut from our powers until Jerome's restoration, she'd been stuck in it. Although, to be honest, if it meant having my own soul, I would've taken that body. I would've taken my original body. I would've taken anything. The physical trappings were nothing. â€Å"Carter gave us a recap,† Hugh said. He shook his head, smiling. â€Å"I can't believe you gambled on both contracts. I would've run off with the sure thing.† â€Å"I couldn't,† I said, thinking back to the events of the courtroom. â€Å"Even if he hates me, I couldn't abandon Seth. I couldn't have enjoyed the rest of my life, knowing he was damned.† â€Å"He doesn't hate you.† â€Å"But he – â€Å" â€Å"I know, I know.† Hugh wouldn't let me finish. â€Å"I know what he said, but he was still in the throes of grief from that fucked-up hypnosis. That was too much for anyone to handle. Carter talked to him when you got back – explained what happened.† My heart lurched. Was that a good or bad thing? I was beginning to gain some glimpse of just how invested Carter had been in my situation (and Seth's), but had the angel really been able to fix everything so easily? â€Å"Did . . . did Carter change Seth's mind about me or something ?† Hugh shrugged. â€Å"I don't think he needed to. If things hadn't panned out like they had that night – with the car – I think you and Seth would've had a very interesting conversation. I think he'd started to come around. It's why he was there.† â€Å"No,† I said, disbelieving. â€Å"I talked to him, sweetie. Do you really think all that love could have just been thrown away so easily? And he was here, you know. He was by your bedside until . . . well, yesterday, actually. Then he had to leave for his tour.† â€Å"His tour . . .† I vaguely remembered Andrea mentioning that, how it had become a possibility with her recovery. Speaking of Andrea . . . if my contract was off the table, Hell would have no reason to continue messing with her. She could be left in peace to heal on her own. â€Å"He went yesterday?† â€Å"Somewhere on the East Coast,† said Hugh. â€Å"I'm sure you can find it on his Web site. You were the one who always encouraged him to update it, after all.† I smiled at that, thinking of how reluctant Seth had been about the digital age. I gestured vaguely at my prone body. â€Å"Probably just as well that he's gone. I need to heal up. Maybe . . . maybe we'll talk when he's back.† Hugh eyed me, staying silent. â€Å"What?† I demanded. â€Å"He's going to be gone two weeks,† said Hugh. â€Å"That much I know. You sure you want to wait that long?† â€Å"I've waited a long time already,† I pointed out dryly. â€Å"Exactly my point. Look, I don't have any delusions about my soul. I made my choice and am content with fate. But if I were you? If I had my soul and the potential for a new life? Fuck, Georgina. I'd go after Seth, wherever he is, the instant I could hobble out of my bed. You're mortal now. It's easy to ‘wait a little longer' when you've got all of eternity on the line. You don't anymore. You've wasted the time you have playing Hell's games, bickering back and forth with Seth and who he's been. End it. Go to him, as soon as you can, and fix this.† â€Å"You sound like Roman.† As soon as I said his name, a million memories came crashing down on me. â€Å"Oh my God. Roman. I can't believe what he did.† â€Å"I know,† said Hugh sadly. â€Å"Carter told us that too.† â€Å"Why would he do that?† I asked, knowing I'd never have a satisfactory answer. â€Å"Oh Lord, Hugh. I left him there. I abandoned him.† â€Å"You did no such thing,† scolded Hugh. â€Å"You had no choice in it. And it's not like he was conned or tricked. He knew for a long time he wanted to do this. After we filed the petition, he grilled me constantly about contract details and Hell's legal procedures. He wanted to do this. He prepared for it. He was just waiting for the chance.† I squeezed my eyes shut, afraid I would cry, as I remembered him defending me in Hell. A vague memory came to me, the night before the game. . . . Roman had had something to tell me but had held off. And when I'd floated above my body, just before I'd faded away, Carter had said he had to go get Roman. They'd planned on all of this. Roman had known what was happening and had been ready to depart. Hugh was right. Roman had wanted this. That didn't make it any easier. I opened my eyes. â€Å"What do I do?† Hugh's face was kind as he regarded me. â€Å"Don't make Roman's sacrifice be in vain. He wanted you to be happy. So go be happy, sweetie. Go to Seth.† Any response I might make was interrupted when a nurse came and discovered I was conscious. She scolded Hugh for not getting her and went to summon the doctor. Hugh gave me a sheepish look as she did. It was a carryover from being immortal, when I would've healed so fast that we could easily dismiss modern medicine's assistance. The doctor, a fortysomething woman named Dr. Addison, soon appeared and performed a few preliminary tests on me, as well as giving me the rundown on my condition. When she was finished, I asked, â€Å"How long do you think I'll be here?† â€Å"If everything progresses like it should?† she mused. â€Å"I'd say you can be discharged in three more days. And you're going to have to take it easy.† â€Å"Three more days,† I repeated mournfully. Being human was going to take some getting used to. As a succubus, I would've recovered from this in twenty-four hours. There wouldn't have even been any taking it easy afterward. Dr. Addison scoffed at my dismay. â€Å"Honestly, after getting hit like you did, a week total here isn't bad at all. You took some nasty hits, but really, this could've been a lot worse.† When she and the nurse left, I saw Hugh scanning his phone. â€Å"What are you looking at?† â€Å"Seth's schedule. In three days, he'll be in St. Louis.† â€Å"Hmm,† I said. â€Å"In four, he'll be in San Francisco.† â€Å"That's close,† I said. â€Å"Relatively.† â€Å"It'd give you an extra day in there to recover,† said Hugh. â€Å"An extra day, huh?† I teased. â€Å"What happened to not wasting a single day as a mortal?† â€Å"My point about not wasting time still stands,† said Hugh. He grinned. â€Å"But even I can be realistic. Take the extra day. You need it for the logistics of travel, if nothing else. But not a single day more.† â€Å"Get out and live life, huh?† â€Å"If you're up for it.† I thought about his words, thought about Seth. I nodded, not caring whether hopping on a plane right after being discharged was crazy. I was human now. Crazy was in the job description. â€Å"I'm up for it,† I said. â€Å"Book me a flight to San Francisco.† Hugh's attention was on his phone again. â€Å"Sweetie, I already am.†

Family and Tan Ling Wei

I am an ordinary soon to be 20 years old girl from an ordinary family with extraordinary fantasies. My name is Tan Ling Wei, but since everybody is having a difficult time to pronounce Chinese names, I would rather be called as Zoey. I’m a Malaysian Chinese, and I was born in a big city with big shopping malls – Kuala Lumpur. When I was younger, I used to stay in Bentong which is my hometown in Pahang with my parents together with my grandparents. Since my parents were busy earning for a living, my grandparents were my guardians. Grandpa was my favourite person because he was the one who pampered me the most.He would grant whatever wish I wished for, even if it was the stars in the sky which takes about more than 50,000 years to make the journey. I remembered there was once, my grandpa took me out on a bike to buy me a school bag. I was so young and I did not know how to place my legs on the passenger seat, consequently I hurt my foot by getting it trapped in the bicycl e wheel. I was crying very loudly on the way home because I couldn’t stand the pain and there was a lot of blood. Grandpa’s face was full with guilt when he saw his beloved grandchild got hurt. Eventually, the crying stopped after grandpa’s continuous comforting.The biggest gratitude goes to my mom. She’s not only an ordinary fulltime housewife, but also my dad’s part time personal assistant. On the other hand, she is the one who travels up and down to send me to university and my brother to school. Well, to put it in a nutshell, she has no time for herself at all. When I was 2 years old, I was admitted into the hospital and told that I had bronchitis. She was the one who took up the responsibility to take care of me, staying in the ward with me even when she was pregnant with my brother. A mother’s love is indeed instinctual, unconditional and forever for her child.The closest person when I was young was my dad. He was the one who would pat iently read me poems and stories when I was a baby. Whenever he got back from his work, he would snuggle me in his arms and sing me nursery rhymes. But as I age and hit puberty, our relationship drifted apart. I stopped having physical contacts with dad. Perhaps I was shy since I started noticing changes between females and males. However, the love I had for dad has never changed. Instead of expressing, it lays hidden. Ever heard of love and hate and relationship? Well, that’s the relationship I have with my 17 years old brother.When we were young, we were like cats and dogs, fighting for toys, practically we fight for everything even until today. Even so, blood is thicker than water. Whenever we face any problems in life, we would console each other, and of course be there for each other. My brother and I have one thing in common, that is we love playing computer games. Whenever there’s free time, both of us would spend time playing Blackshot together either as team m ates or rival to kill the time. Which girl would ever play computer games? That’s the common question whenever I come across to any of my friends.Well, that would be me. The reason why am I so boyish is because when I was a toddler, I mixed mostly with my cousin brothers. When I finally got into a primary school, my friends were all boys, because they were less dramatic. During the recess time, the boys would invite me to the field for football. Overtime, my character died hard and hence the boyishness and clumsiness. I love to read since I started my high school. According to one of my Indian good friend, my English was very bad when I was in form 1. We still laugh about it today whenever she tells the story of me speaking broken English in class.I started mixing around with the English educated friends to improve my English. Whenever I’ve difficulty understanding any English vocabulary, I would reach out to my friends and ask for an explanation. Furthermore, I starte d to build up the interest in reading. In the year 2008, when I was in my form 3, Twilight Saga had become famous as a romance novel about vampire love story. Since then, I started to have crazy fantasies of becoming a vampire as I could be an immortal and that I could keep my youth forever. As silly as I could be, reality is always cruel. No one can ever live as an immortal.Everyone’s life will come to an end eventually when the time comes. Well, that’s my autobiography, a really simple one but of course, there’s much more in life that I couldn’t express in words here in this essay. I believe nobody is perfect. Everyone has their own flaws, so do I. Life is just like a roller coaster with ups and downs. It just boils down to every individual on how they deal with it. Last but not leaset, I would like to end with a favourite quote of mine about life, â€Å"Life doesn't require that we be the best, only that we try our best. †- H. Jackson Brown, Jr.

Catherine the Great of all Russia

Catherine the Great of all Russia Essay Catherine II (a. k. a. Catherine the Great) Catherine II, or Catherine the Great, empress of all Russia, did much to continue the process of Westernization reforms began by Peter the Great. Catherine was devoted to art, literature, science, and politics. Many people say she had a great gift and was a great leader, thus she was awarded with the name the Great She helped develop schools, hospitals, and many other organizations for the country. She was a shrewd leader and autocrat and helped to continue and further reforms made by Peter the Great, finally making Russia a permanent European power. Originally named Sophie Frederick Augusta, Princess of Anholt-Zerbst, she was born in Stettin on May 2, 1729, the daughter of the German prince of Anholt-Zerbst . At the age of fifteen she went to Russia and married Grand Duke Peter of Holstein, heir to the Russian throne. The marriage was despondent, but intelligent and ambitious Catherine soon managed to assemble up a liaison of supporters. On October 1, 1754, Catherine gave birth to her son, the future emperor, Paul Petrovich Romanov, and three years later on December 20, 1957, she gave birth to her daughter, Anna Petrovna Romanov. Elizabeth died on December 25, 1761, and Catherines husband succeeded as Peter III. Erratic, unstable, and contemptuous of his Russian subjects, the new ruler soon made himself unpopular, especially with certain German officers. Led by Alexei Orlov (whose brother Grigori was Catherines lover) the officers staged a coup in June 1762. Peter was deposed (and subsequently murdered) and Catherine was placed on the throne in his place. Catherine was fascinated with the philosophies and theories of the Enlightenment, and was well acquainted with the literature of the French Enlightenment, which was an important influence on her own political influence. She corresponded extensively with Voltaire and Denis Diderot, gave financial support to them and a number of other French writers, and played host to Diderot at her court in 1773. Although, this gesticulation of hospitality was partially aimed at creating a favorable image in Western Europe, she was probably sincere in her interest and her hope to apply some of the ideas of the Enlightenment to rationalize and reform the administration of the Russian Empire. Imbued with the ideas of the Enlightenment, Catherine aimed at completing the job started by Peter the Greatwesternizing Russiabut she had contradictory methods. Rather then forcing society to reform, she encouraged individual initiative in pursuit of self-interest. In the early years of her reign, she sought to win the support of the Russian gentry, and, in particular Despite her interest in legal reform, the commission she appointed for that purpose failed to accomplish its goals. But eventually, she learned how to select capable assistantsfor example, Nikita Panin in foreign affairs, Alexandre Suvorov in the military, and Grigori Potemkin in administration. Among Catherines more benevolent achievements were the foundation of the first Russian school for girls and of a medical college to provide health care for her subjects. In the early years of her reign, Catherine sought to win the approval of the gentry, which was a small part of Russias population. She succeeded to a degree with the upper class, but did nothing for the overwhelming majority of the populationthe enserfed peasantry. Conservatism Peasant unrest culminated in a great revolt (1773-75), led by Cossack Yemelyan Pugachov, that raged over much of the Volga River Basin and the Ural Mountains before it was finally ruthlessly crushed by military force. The revolt marked a turn toward more reactionary internal policy. READ: Essay about College Tuition Is Too High EssayThe Cossack army was disbanded, and other Cossacks were granted special privileges in an effort to transform them into loyal supporters of the autocracy. The revolt alerted Catherine to the necessity for reform. In 1775, she reorganized the local administration, integrated the Cossacks into the regular army, and put the serfs belonging to the Russian Orthodox Church under the administration of the state. In 1785, she issued two chartersto the towns and to the nobilityto involve the educated classed in local administration in return for protection of their status and property rights. In similar spirit, Catherine established the Free Economic Society to encourage the modernization of agriculture and industry. She promoted trade and the development of underpopulated regions by inviting foreign settlers such as the Volga Germans, and she founded new towns (Odessa, for example) and enterprises on the Black Sea. Herself a prolific writer, Catherine patronized arts and letters, permitted the establishment of private printing presses, and relaxed censorship rules. Under her guidance the University of Moscow and the Academy of Sciences became internationally recognized centers of learning; she also increased the number of state and private schools. As a result, the Russian nobility, and some townspeople, also began to organize associations for the promotion of schools and publications. Catherine, who did not want to surrender control over social and cultural policy, viewed these activities with suspicion. The outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 and the publication of Alexandre Radishchevs journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow in 1790, in which the author denounced the evils of serfdom, the immorality of society, and the abuses of government, prompted Catherine to impose repressive measures, which in turn alienated many of the educated. Finally, Catherine vastly expanded the Russian empire. Following the two successful wars against Turkey (the Russo-Turkish Wars of 1768-74 and 1787-92), Russia secured the Crimea and thus realized a centuries-old dream of establishing itself on the north shore of the black Sea. The fertile lands of the Ukraine were also opened for settlement and soon became the granary of Europe. Catherine also participated in the partitions of Poland (1772,1792, and 1795) bringing a large part of that country under Russian rule. Catherine had twenty-one lovers, and her spirit doctor inspected them all before they could be her lover but Sergei Vasiljevits Saltykov (father of her first son) and Grigori Orlov (father of second son) were special to her. Upon the death of Catherine on November 17, 1796, modern Russian society was organized and its culture had struck firm roots. Russia was also playing a determining role in world affairs.

Research Critique, Part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Critique, Part 1 - Essay Example Will the separation of these patients helps in nursing and health environment or not? Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterium problems are increasing with great precipitancy and briskness. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) primarily belongs to the infectious (bacterial) category of diseases which can multiply in human beings very quickly. In medical terms, it is also known as oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) (Landelle et al, 2013). MRSA is massively discussed in many books relating to health and nursing and their theme is that Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is abundantly common in the public places like schools and markets. Hospital facilities are being considered as one of the top birthplaces of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterium. The open wounds and lack of hygiene can cause serious problems. It can rapidly transfer from person to person. Invasive procedures and devices along with weakened immune systems are the major causes of the spread of this disease in the hospitals. The patients who are admitted in the hospitals are already going through some kind of disease and health vulnerability. The Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterium perfectly exploits this medical vulnerability and can growth in the normal wounds. Nursing homes, prisons, hospital facilities, closed sports facilities are considered to be the major birth places for the bacteria of this disease (Ledell, 2003). The diagnosis and symptoms are of diverse nature in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) because the nature and stages vary from patient to patient. The cohabitation programs and surface sanitizer against MRSA are considered to be one of the most effective preventive measures against this disease because the MRSA patients are grouped together and isolated from the other patients

Small business management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Small business management - Assignment Example The most important customer in this case includes school going children as well as other young people. This helps the business owner to focus on the right group and resources are not wasted by focusing on a large market that does not consist of the targeted customers. The other step that should be taken into account is about identifying the key resources needed to operate this business. The key resources in this case should include the ingredients for making the ice cream. The other resources required include a delivery van equipped with the vending kiosk of the ice cream to the customers. The packaging of the ice cream also constitutes a very important resource that should be procured before the commencement of business. Distribution channel is the mobile vending machine. It can be moved from place to place and these places include schools as well as other busy streets. The product will also be distributed in residential areas since the vending kiosk is mobile and can move from one place to the other. In terms of distribution, effort should be made to ensure that the product is positioned in such a way that it will appeal to the interests of the customers as the best compared to other alternatives available. The other consideration in this model is identification of the cost structure. A budget should be drawn and it should also outline the costs likely to be incurred in setting up this new business venture. This helps to determine the feasibility of the business venture. Lastly, consideration should be taken about the nature of the revenue stream. Effort should be made to establish if the revenue stream can sustain the business venture in the long run. This also helps to determine the course of action that can be taken to turn around the fortunes of the

Should we still talk about a digital divide Essay

Should we still talk about a digital divide - Essay Example The use of e-mails significantly enhanced information exchange in business, learning institutions as well as between individuals (Zittrain 2009). Initially the cost of internet connection, just like any innovative technology in the market cost a huge sum of money upon its commencement and availability in the market. According to research, by the year 2004, almost 50% of adults in America alone do not have access to internet technology, a situation that is attributed to financial constraints (Warschauer 2003). There after, the price of applying this technology has reduced tremendously allowing all economic classes to access information, other factors such as literacy and awareness held constant. With regards to the economic perspective, digital divide is a concept that is fading day by day especially in the developed countries. Mobile phones that have internet access are available in the market at reduced cost than they used to be, and people can communicate better using modern commun ication software such as Skype. According to Turban et al., (2011), Skype serves an average of 25 million clients during peak hours. It has been significant in the lifestyles of the modern society. The most important aspect has been lowering the cost of telephone services. Subscribers of Skype are able to communicate effectively through unlimited phone calls, which is not possible through the common telephone service providers. Moreover, Skype services are accessible globally and therefore every person who has access to the internet can use them (Booth, 2010). Owen et al. (2006) observes that in the developed economies, people have an opportunity of choosing what kind of communication to use rather than where... According to the research findings there are various theories that have been applied to explain the concept of digital divide. These lead to three categories of digital divides including; the economic divide, usability divide and empowerment divide. To begin with, the theory of economic divide is focused on the affordability of information systems and equipment such as computers and telephone. During the inception of Information Technology in the society, the acquisition of computers by individuals required large amounts of money. This limited information flow to a small group of wealthy people who could afford a personal computer. The digital divide was large on a global perspective. The rate of adoption of ICT was also different among global economies. The complexity of emerging technology has locked out many people from accessing and utilizing information. This limitation goes beyond economic aspects with regards to the existence of a digital divide. Most of the less developed cou ntries are still struggling to accomplish the objectives of primary education. Computer literacy is considered to be tertiary level and hence little or no resources are budgeted for it. Empowerment is the practice of augmenting the religious, political, societal, racial, gender and ethnic strength of individuals and groups of people to acquire the confidence needed to accomplish a particular goal. The empowered develop confidence in their competences.